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    June 03

    新疆吐鲁番坎儿井博物馆

     
         坎儿井与万里长城、京杭大运河并称为中国古代三大工程。吐鲁番的坎儿井总数近千条,全长约5000公里。坎儿井的结构,大体上是由竖井、地下渠道、地面渠道和“涝坝”(小型蓄水池)四部分组成。
     
         吐鲁番盆地北部的博格达山和西部的喀拉乌成山,春夏时节有大量积雪和雨水流下山谷,潜入戈壁滩下。人们利用山的坡度,巧妙地创造了坎儿井,引地下潜流灌溉农田。坎儿井不因炎热、狂风而使水分大量蒸发,因而流量稳定,保证了自流灌溉。
     
         为了便于游客观赏这项古老的水利工程,2007年6月6日,新疆最大的坎儿井博物馆在吐鲁番建成开放,方便旅游者从人文、民族等多个方面系统地了解“地下长城”坎儿井的历史变迁。
     
         新疆坎儿井博物馆包括100多米长的地下参观通道、500平方米的地面陈列馆、坎儿井分布图、剖面图、葡萄长廊和葡萄干晾房等内容,通过大量坎儿井的图片、实物和模型等展现了坎儿井的结构、分布区域、功能和研究成果。
     
         为了更好展示坎儿井,博物馆专门把井渠选择在最典型的具有800多年历史的米依木·阿吉坎儿井的下游部分。这里是吐鲁番名气最大的坎儿井,全长25公里,日水量可浇地70多亩。游客可以在100多米长的参观通道清晰地观看这一段坎儿井。
     
         虽然我早就知道吐鲁番有坎儿井,但是直到这次参观,我才真正了解了坎儿井的结构、原理,以及有关的方方面面。如果仅从旅游观光的角度来看,这个景点没有什么吸引人的亮点,但是从增加见识角度来看此行还是值得的。
     
         参观之后我们到吐鲁番的麦西来甫风情庄园用午餐,席间有新疆民族歌舞表演,我拍摄了几张。考虑到坎儿井没有什么可以拍摄的,所以把这几张歌舞照片添加进相册。
     
         更多照片见相册《新疆吐鲁番坎儿井博物馆》 (25张)
     
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    翊 邹wrote:
    哈,老先生原来去新疆玩啊,生活还真是充实,国内最想去的地方就是新疆了,有机会我一定要去一次。
    June 3

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